Formation of Image by Spherical Lenses – Explanation
Image Formation by Spherical Lenses
Introduction
By using the concept of predictable refracted rays, it becomes convenient to locate images formed by the spherical lenses at various positions of an object. Both the laws of refraction are obeyed in all the ray diagrams. The image of an object placed at a particular position in front of a spherical lens can be located by using the incident rays with predictable refracted rays.
Explanation
Image formation by a convex lens:
Object at infinity:
The light rays approaching the lens from an object located at an infinitely large distance from it appear to be parallel to each other. These parallel light rays, after refraction from the convex lens, pass through the focus F2.
The image is,
- Formed at F2
- Point sized
- Real and inverted
Object located behind 2F1:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one is parallel to the principal axis, which passes through F2 after refraction.
- The second is through the optic center, which goes along the same path after refraction.
The image is,
- Formed between the 2F2 and the focus (F2),
- Diminished
- Real and inverted
Object at 2F1:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one is parallel to the principal axis, which passes through F2 after refraction.
- The second is through the optic center, which goes undeviated after refraction.
The image is,
- Formed at 2F2
- Same size as the object
- Real and inverted
Object located between 2F1 and F1:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one is parallel to the principal axis, which passes through F2 after refraction.
- The second is through the optic center, which goes undeviated after refraction.
The image is,
- Formed behind 2F2
- Magnified
- Real and inverted
Object located at F1:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one is parallel to the principal axis, which passes through F2 after refraction.
- The second is through the optic center, which goes undeviated after refraction.
The two refracted rays turn out to be parallel to each other, which are said to meet at infinity.
The image is,
- Formed at infinity (far away)
- Highly magnified
- Real and inverted
Object located between F1 and the optic center:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one is parallel to the principal axis, which passes through F2 after refraction.
- The second is through the optic center, which goes undeviated after refraction.
The two refracted rays appear to diverge from a point at the same side of the lens as the object, where the image of the object is formed.
The image is,
- Formed at the same side as the object
- Magnified
- Virtual and upright
Image formation by a concave lens:
Object at infinity:
The light rays approaching the lens from an object located at an infinitely large distance from it appear to be parallel to each other.
These parallel light rays after refraction from the concave lens appear to diverge from the focus F1.
The image is,
- Formed at F1
- Point sized
- Virtual and upright
Object located at a finite distance from the concave lens:
Two rays are chosen to arise from the head of the extended object.
- The first one incidents parallel to the principal axis and appears to diverge from the focus F1 after reflection.
- The second one is through the optic center, which goes undeviated after refraction.
The refracted rays seem to diverge from a point at the same side of the lens as the object, where the image of the object is formed.
The image is,
- Formed at the same side of the lens as the object
- Diminished
- Virtual and upright
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